Dry eye disease insights and new treatments discussed at Optometry’s Meeting 2024

Dr Sathi Maiti, Periman Eye Institute’s Vice President of Clinical Research, delivered a comprehensive lecture on the latest advancements and ongoing research in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) at the American Optometric Association’s annual meeting, covering a range of topics from the fundamental understanding of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) to the most recent innovations in diagnostic tools and treatment options.

According to Dr Maiti, dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by a loss of tear film homeostasis, which leads to ocular surface inflammation and neurosensory abnormalities.

A significant portion of the lecture was dedicated to the immunological basis of DED and the “double vicious cycle” of inflammation. Dr Maiti emphasized that inflammation is a key driver of the disease and tackling it early is crucial for effective management. She highlighted various diagnostic tools, from basic methods like slit lamp examination and tear break-up time (TBUT) to advanced techniques such as meibography and tear osmolarity testing.

The burden of DED on patients, doctors, and society was also discussed. Dr Maiti noted that DED imposes an estimated $55.4 billion societal cost in the U.S. alone. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated DED symptoms due to prolonged mask-wearing, known as Mask Associated Dry Eye (MADE).

In terms of treatment, Dr Maiti reviewed current options and provided practical tips for clinicians, including the importance of thorough patient histories and the use of questionnaires like OSDI and SPEED. She also discussed innovative treatment prospects, including new pharmacological agents and advanced therapeutic approaches such as intense pulsed light therapy.

Special attention was given to under-recognized issues like Demodex infestations and the role of cosmetics in DED. Dr Maiti stressed the importance of addressing Demodex in patients with persistent blepharitis and recommended that clinicians educate their patients on safe cosmetic practices to prevent exacerbation of dry eye symptoms.

Reference
Maiti S. Practical Pearls Plus Prospects in the Pipeline: Dry Eye in 2024. Presented at: Optometry’s Meeting 2024; June 19-22: Nashville.